They HAVE GONE out. (= they are not at home NOW)
He HAS CLEANED his shoes. (= his shoes are clean now).
👉has cleaned / have gone etc. is the Present Perfect (has / have + past participle):
👉We use the present perfect for an action in the past with the result now.
- We have bought a new car. (we have a new car now)
- 'Where's Udit?' 'He has gone to bed.' (he is in bed now)
- It's Udit's brithday tomorrow and I have not bought him a present.
- I have lost my passport. (I can't find my passport now)
- 'Udit is on holiday.' 'Oh, where has he gone?'
- Can i take this newspaper? Have you finished with it?
👉I have just... (JUST = a short time ago)
- A: Are Udit and Dipika here?
B: Yes, they have just arrived. - A: Are you hungry?
B: No, I have just had dinner. - A: Is Udit here?
B: No, I'm afraid he has just gone.
- A: What time are Udit and Dipika coming?
B: They have already arrived. (before you expected) - It's only nine o'clock and Udit has already gone to bed. (before I expected)
- A: Udit, this is Dipika.
B: Yes, I know. We have already met.
You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences:
- A: Are Udit and Dipika here?
B: No, they have not arrived yet. - A: Does Dipika know that you're going away?
B: No, I have not told her yet. - Dipika has bought a new dress but she has not worn it yet.
- The film has not started yet.
- Have Udit and Dipika arrived yet?
- Has Dipika started her new job yet?
- A: This is my new dress.
B: Oh, it's nice. Have you worn it yet?
We use the present perfect (have been / have had/ have played etc.) when we talk about a time from the past until now - for example, a person's life.
- 'Have you been to Australia?' (in your life) 'No, I have not.'
- I have been to India but I have not been to the Nepal.
- I have seen that woman before but I can't remember where.
- How many times has India won the World Cup?
- 'Have you read this book?' 'Yes, I have read it twice.'
- 'Has Udit ever been to Australia?' 'No, never.'
- 'Have you ever played golf?' 'Yes, I often play golf.'
- My grandmother has never travelled by air.
- I have never ridden a horse.
- 'Who is that man?' 'I don't know. I have never seen him before.'
- A: 'Where is Udit?'
B: 'He is away. He has gone to NCR.' (=he is in NCR now.)
- A: 'Hello Udit.'
B: 'Hello. I have been on holiday. I have been to NCR.' (=he went to NCR but now he is back.)
- I can't find Dipika. Where has she gone? (=Where is she now?)
- Oh, hello Dipika! I was looking for you. Where have you been?
👉Present Perfect (I have done) AND Past Simple (I did);
With a FINISHED TIME (yesterday / last week etc.), we use the past (saw / arrived / was etc.)
|
past
simple + finished time |
|
|
We
arrived |
in 1987. |
|
last week. |
|
|
yesterday. |
|
|
four months ago. |
|
|
at 5 o'clock. |
|
Do ㄨNOT use the present perfect (has / have etc.) with a FINISHED TIME.
- I saw Dipika yesterday. (not 'I have seen')
- 'What did you do last night?' 'I stayed at home.'
- We did not have a holiday last year. (not 'We have not had')
- William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems.
- Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (not 'Where have you been')
- When did they arrive? (not 'When have they arrived')
More examples:
- I have lost my key. (Present Perfect)
I lost my key last week. (Past Simple) - Udit has gone home. (Present P.)
Udit went home fifteen minutes ago. (Past S.) - Have you seen Dipika? (Present P.)
Did you see Dipika on Saturday? (Past S.) - Have you ever been to Australia? (Present P.)
Did you go to Australia last year? (Past S.) - The letter has not arrived yet. (Present P.)
The letter did not arrive yesterday. (Past S.)
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